Microtonal scales are musical scales that use intervals smaller than the conventional semitone found in standard Western music. These scales can include a variety of pitches that are not typically represented on a piano, allowing for a broader range of musical expression. Microtonal music is often found in various cultural traditions, such as Indian classical music and Middle Eastern music, where different tuning systems are employed. Composers and musicians exploring microtonality often create unique sounds and textures that challenge traditional harmonic structures. Instruments like the oud or specially designed microtonal guitars can produce these distinct pitches, enabling artists to experiment with new musical ideas. This approach opens up possibilities for innovative compositions and performances.