Microcephaly is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally small head size in infants and children. This condition can occur due to genetic factors, infections during pregnancy, or exposure to harmful substances. It may lead to developmental delays and various neurological issues, depending on the severity. Children with microcephaly may experience challenges in cognitive function, motor skills, and speech. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing the condition. Supportive therapies, such as physical and occupational therapy, can help improve the quality of life for those affected by microcephaly.