Microcephalus, or microcephaly, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally small head size in relation to the body. This condition can occur due to genetic factors, infections during pregnancy, or exposure to harmful substances. Individuals with microcephaly may experience developmental delays and other neurological issues. The severity of microcephaly can vary widely, with some individuals leading relatively normal lives while others may require significant support. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing associated challenges. Treatment often involves therapies to support development and improve quality of life for those affected by this condition.