Microbial remediation is a process that uses microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments, such as soil and water. These tiny living organisms, including bacteria and fungi, can break down harmful pollutants like oil spills or heavy metals into less toxic substances. This natural method is often more environmentally friendly and cost-effective compared to traditional cleanup techniques. By harnessing the power of these microbes, scientists can restore ecosystems affected by pollution. For example, certain bacteria can digest petroleum hydrocarbons, making them useful in cleaning up oil-contaminated sites. Overall, microbial remediation offers a sustainable solution to environmental challenges.