Petroleum hydrocarbons are organic compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms, primarily derived from crude oil. They are the main components of fossil fuels, which include gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. These compounds can vary in size and structure, ranging from simple molecules like methane to complex ones found in heavy oils. These hydrocarbons are essential for various industries, providing energy and raw materials for products like plastics and chemicals. However, their extraction and use can lead to environmental concerns, such as oil spills and air pollution, prompting the need for sustainable alternatives and cleaner energy sources.