Mesophyll cells are specialized plant cells located within the leaves, primarily responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chloroplasts, which are organelles that capture sunlight and convert it into energy. Mesophyll cells are typically divided into two types: palisade mesophyll, which is tightly packed and located near the upper surface of the leaf, and spongy mesophyll, which has more air spaces and is found beneath the palisade layer. These cells play a crucial role in gas exchange, allowing carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit the leaf through small openings called stomata. The arrangement of mesophyll cells maximizes light absorption and facilitates the efficient exchange of gases, essential for the plant's growth and energy production.