Stomata are tiny openings found on the surfaces of leaves and stems of plants. They play a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis, allowing carbon dioxide from the air to enter the plant while releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Each stoma is surrounded by two specialized cells called guard cells, which control its opening and closing based on environmental conditions. These openings also help regulate water loss through a process known as transpiration. When conditions are dry, the guard cells close the stomata to conserve water, while they open when conditions are favorable for gas exchange. This balance is essential for the plant's health and growth.