Melanins are natural pigments found in most organisms, responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. They are produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which convert the amino acid tyrosine into melanin through a process called melanogenesis. There are several types of melanin, including eumelanin (black or brown) and pheomelanin (red or yellow), each contributing to the variety of colors seen in different species. In humans, melanin plays a crucial role in protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Higher levels of melanin can lead to darker skin tones, which provide more protection against UV damage. Additionally, melanin is involved in other biological functions, such as hearing and vision, highlighting its importance beyond just pigmentation.