Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) is a type of thyroid cancer that originates from the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells. These cells produce a hormone called calcitonin, which helps regulate calcium levels in the body. MTC is less common than other thyroid cancers and can occur sporadically or as part of genetic syndromes, such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2). Symptoms of MTC may include a noticeable lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, or changes in voice. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure calcitonin levels and imaging studies. Treatment often includes surgery to remove the thyroid gland, and early detection is crucial for better outcomes.