Ceratitis capitata, commonly known as the Mediterranean fruit fly, is a small insect that primarily affects fruit crops. Native to Africa, it has spread to many parts of the world, including California and Australia. The adult fly is about 5-10 mm long and has distinctive yellow and brown markings on its body. The female lays eggs inside the fruit, and the larvae feed on the fruit's flesh, causing significant damage. This pest is a major concern for farmers, as it can lead to reduced yields and economic losses in crops such as peaches, oranges, and olives.