Medieval trade routes were essential pathways that connected different regions of Europe, Asia, and Africa during the Middle Ages. These routes facilitated the exchange of goods such as spices, silk, and precious metals. Key routes included the Silk Road, which linked China to Europe, and various maritime routes in the Mediterranean Sea. Merchants traveled these routes using caravans and ships, often facing challenges like harsh weather and bandit attacks. Major trading cities, such as Venice and Constantinople, emerged as important hubs where cultures and ideas also mingled, contributing to the economic and social development of the time.