Medieval Sweden, spanning roughly from the 12th to the 16th century, was characterized by a feudal system where local lords held power over land and peasants. The society was primarily agrarian, with farming and trade playing crucial roles in daily life. The influence of the Catholic Church was significant, as it shaped cultural practices and education during this period. During this time, Sweden began to form a more unified state, with the establishment of the Kingdom of Sweden. The Kalmar Union in 1397 united Sweden, Denmark, and Norway under a single monarch, although this alliance faced challenges and conflicts. The era laid the groundwork for Sweden's future as a powerful nation in Northern Europe.