Medieval Serbia emerged as a significant political and cultural entity in the Balkans during the 12th century. It was characterized by the establishment of the Nemanjić dynasty, which played a crucial role in unifying various Slavic tribes and expanding the territory. The kingdom reached its peak under Stefan Dušan, who declared himself emperor in the 14th century, promoting trade, law, and the Orthodox Christian faith. The period was marked by the construction of impressive churches and monasteries, many of which still stand today. The Serbian Orthodox Church became a central institution, influencing both spiritual and political life. Despite facing invasions and conflicts, Medieval Serbia laid the foundation for the country's cultural identity and heritage.