The Medieval Inquisition was a series of institutions established by the Roman Catholic Church in the 12th century to combat heresy. It aimed to identify, investigate, and punish individuals accused of holding beliefs contrary to Church doctrine. The Inquisition operated through a network of inquisitors who conducted trials, often using methods such as interrogation and imprisonment. The most notable period of the Medieval Inquisition occurred between the 13th and 15th centuries, particularly in regions like France and Italy. It was distinct from the later Spanish Inquisition, which was more politically motivated. The Medieval Inquisition played a significant role in shaping religious and social norms during the Middle Ages.