Medieval Europe, spanning roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century, was a period marked by feudalism, where society was structured around land ownership and service. The manor system defined local economies, with peasants working the land for lords in exchange for protection. This era also saw the rise of the Catholic Church, which played a central role in daily life and governance. Culturally, Medieval Europe was characterized by the development of Gothic architecture, exemplified by grand cathedrals like Notre-Dame. The period also witnessed the emergence of chivalry and the knight class, alongside significant events such as the Crusades and the Black Death, which profoundly impacted society and its structure.