Medieval cities were centers of trade, culture, and governance during the Middle Ages. They often featured narrow streets, stone buildings, and a central marketplace where merchants sold goods. Many cities were surrounded by walls for protection against invaders, and they typically had a castle or a cathedral that served as a focal point for the community. Life in medieval cities was bustling, with a diverse population including craftsmen, traders, and peasants. The cities were governed by local lords or town councils, and they played a crucial role in the development of town charters that granted certain rights to residents, promoting trade and commerce.