Medical residency is a stage of graduate medical training where newly graduated doctors, known as residents, practice medicine under the supervision of experienced physicians. This period typically lasts between three to seven years, depending on the chosen specialty, such as internal medicine or surgery. Residents gain hands-on experience in hospitals and clinics, allowing them to develop their clinical skills and knowledge. During residency, doctors work long hours, often including night shifts and weekends. They are responsible for patient care, performing procedures, and participating in educational activities. This training is essential for preparing residents to become independent practitioners and to obtain board certification in their specialty.