MeCP2 is a protein that plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in the brain. It binds to DNA and helps control which genes are turned on or off, influencing the development and function of neurons. This regulation is essential for normal brain activity and overall neurological health. Mutations in the MeCP2 gene are linked to several neurological disorders, most notably Rett syndrome, a condition that primarily affects girls and leads to severe cognitive and physical impairments. Understanding MeCP2 is vital for developing potential treatments for these disorders and improving the lives of affected individuals.