The history of the Maya civilization spans thousands of years, beginning around 2000 BCE in what is now Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and parts of Honduras and El Salvador. The Maya developed advanced agricultural techniques, built impressive cities, and created a complex social structure. They are known for their achievements in mathematics, astronomy, and writing, particularly through their hieroglyphic script. The civilization reached its peak during the Classic Period (250-900 CE), marked by the construction of monumental architecture and flourishing trade. However, by the end of the 10th century, many southern cities experienced decline, leading to the eventual fragmentation of the civilization. Despite this, the Maya culture continues to thrive today, with millions of descendants preserving their traditions and languages.