Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (1516–1571), was a Scottish nobleman known for his significant role in the political landscape of 16th-century Scotland. He was a member of the House of Stewart and held the title of Earl of Lennox, which was a prominent title in the Scottish peerage. His lineage traced back to the royal family, making him an important figure in the power struggles of the time. Stewart was involved in various conflicts, including the Scottish Reformation and the political turmoil surrounding Mary, Queen of Scots. He was a supporter of Mary and played a crucial role in her reign. His life was marked by alliances and rivalries that shaped the history of Scotland during a tumultuous period.