A mathematical operation is a procedure that takes one or more numbers and combines them to produce a new number. The most common operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Each operation has its own symbol: + for addition, − for subtraction, × for multiplication, and ÷ for division. These operations form the foundation of arithmetic and are essential for solving mathematical problems. In addition to basic operations, there are also more advanced operations such as exponentiation and square roots. These operations help in understanding complex concepts in mathematics, including algebra and calculus. Mastering these operations is crucial for success in various fields, including science, engineering, and finance.