Materials Characterization is the process of analyzing and understanding the properties and structure of materials. This involves using various techniques to determine characteristics such as composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal behavior. By studying these aspects, researchers can predict how materials will perform in different applications. Techniques used in Materials Characterization include X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and spectroscopy. These methods help scientists and engineers select the right materials for specific uses, improve existing materials, and develop new ones. Ultimately, effective characterization is essential for advancing technology and ensuring safety in various industries.