Matching algorithms are computational methods used to pair items or individuals based on specific criteria. They are commonly applied in various fields, such as job recruitment, online dating, and marketplace platforms, to optimize the selection process. These algorithms analyze data to find the best matches, considering factors like preferences, skills, and compatibility. One well-known example of a matching algorithm is the Gale-Shapley algorithm, which was developed to solve the stable marriage problem. This algorithm ensures that pairs are formed in a way that no two individuals would prefer each other over their current matches, promoting stability in the results.