The Mata Atlântica, or Atlantic Forest, is a diverse tropical rainforest located along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, extending into parts of Argentina and Paraguay. It is known for its rich biodiversity, housing thousands of plant and animal species, many of which are endemic, meaning they are found nowhere else in the world. The forest plays a crucial role in regulating the climate and protecting watersheds. Despite its ecological importance, the Mata Atlântica has faced significant deforestation due to urbanization, agriculture, and logging. Today, only about 12% of the original forest remains, leading to conservation efforts aimed at preserving its unique ecosystems and restoring degraded areas.