The mastoid process is a bony prominence located behind the ear, part of the temporal bone of the skull. It serves as an attachment point for several neck muscles and plays a role in the structure of the skull. The mastoid process contains air cells that help with sound conduction and balance. In addition to its anatomical significance, the mastoid process is important in medical contexts. Infections in the middle ear, known as otitis media, can spread to the mastoid process, leading to a condition called mastoiditis. This can cause pain and swelling, requiring medical attention to prevent complications.