Mary Masham (1662–1713) was an English woman known for her role in the early development of modern philosophy. She was a prominent figure in the intellectual circles of her time, particularly associated with the works of John Locke and Isaac Newton. Masham was also notable for her contributions to the Royal Society, where she engaged with leading thinkers. As a writer and philosopher, she advocated for the importance of education for women, making her a significant figure in the history of feminist thought.