Marxian Economics is a school of thought based on the ideas of Karl Marx, focusing on the role of labor in the production of goods and the distribution of wealth. It critiques the capitalist system, arguing that it leads to class struggles between the bourgeoisie (owners of production) and the proletariat (working class). Marxian Economics emphasizes the importance of historical materialism, which examines how economic systems evolve over time. Central to Marxian Economics is the concept of surplus value, which refers to the difference between what workers are paid and the value of what they produce. This surplus is seen as the source of profit for capitalists, leading to exploitation. Marxian theorists advocate for a more equitable distribution of resources and often support socialist or communist alternatives to capitalism.