Marcel Mauss was a French sociologist and anthropologist, born in 1872 and known for his influential work in the early 20th century. He is best recognized for his essay "The Gift," where he explored the social and economic implications of gift-giving in various cultures. Mauss argued that gifts create social bonds and obligations, highlighting the importance of reciprocity in human relationships. Mauss was a key figure in the development of sociology and anthropology as academic disciplines. He was also a member of the Durkheim school, which emphasized the study of social facts and collective consciousness. His ideas continue to influence contemporary discussions on exchange, culture, and social practices.