The `Map()` function in JavaScript is a built-in method that creates a new Map object. A Map is a collection of key-value pairs where both keys and values can be of any data type. This allows for more flexibility compared to regular objects, which only allow strings and symbols as keys. You can use the `Map()` function to initialize a new Map with optional iterable objects, such as arrays. Once created, you can add, retrieve, or delete entries using methods like `set()`, `get()`, and `delete()`, making it a powerful tool for managing data efficiently.