Mahmud I was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754. He is known for his efforts to modernize the empire and improve its military capabilities. His reign saw the establishment of new administrative reforms and the promotion of arts and architecture, including the construction of the Nuruosmaniye Mosque in Istanbul. During Mahmud I's rule, the empire faced various challenges, including wars with Russia and Austria. Despite these difficulties, he managed to maintain relative stability and fostered a cultural revival, which contributed to the development of Ottoman society in the 18th century.