Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the founder of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century. Born in 1780 in Punjab, he became a prominent leader known for uniting various Sikh factions and establishing a strong, independent state. His reign lasted from 1801 until his death in 1839, during which he modernized the army and promoted religious tolerance. Ranjit Singh is often referred to as the "Lion of Punjab" for his bravery and leadership. He is also known for his efforts to protect the Sikh community and for his patronage of the arts, including the construction of the Golden Temple in Amritsar.