Maharaja Jai Singh II was a prominent ruler of the Kachwaha clan in Rajasthan, India, who reigned from 1688 to 1743. He is best known for founding the city of Jaipur in 1727, which became the capital of his kingdom. Jai Singh was a patron of arts and sciences, and he established several observatories, known as Jantar Mantar, to study astronomy. Jai Singh was also a skilled military leader and played a significant role in the politics of northern India during his time. He maintained alliances with various powers, including the Mughal Empire, and was known for his diplomatic skills. His contributions to architecture and urban planning are still celebrated today.