Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II was the founder of the city of Jaipur and ruled the state of Amber in Rajasthan, India, during the early 18th century. He is known for his contributions to architecture and astronomy, establishing several observatories called Jantar Mantar in different cities, including Jaipur and Delhi. Jai Singh II was a skilled military leader and a patron of the arts, promoting cultural development in his kingdom. His reign is marked by significant advancements in science and technology, as well as the establishment of Jaipur as a planned city, reflecting his vision for urban development.