Mahalwari is a land revenue system that was introduced in India during the British colonial period. It was implemented in the early 19th century, primarily in the northern regions, to collect taxes from landowners. Under this system, the revenue was assessed based on the entire village or estate, rather than individual plots, making the village headman responsible for tax collection. The Mahalwari system aimed to simplify tax collection and ensure a steady revenue flow for the British government. However, it often led to disputes over land ownership and created challenges for farmers, as they faced high tax burdens and fluctuating agricultural yields.