Magnetic sensors are devices that detect changes in magnetic fields. They are commonly used in various applications, such as smartphones, automotive systems, and industrial equipment. These sensors can measure the strength, direction, and changes in magnetic fields, allowing them to perform functions like navigation and position sensing. There are different types of magnetic sensors, including Hall effect sensors, magnetoresistive sensors, and fluxgate sensors. Each type operates on different principles and is suited for specific applications. For example, Hall effect sensors are often used in automotive applications to detect the position of components, while magnetoresistive sensors are used in data storage devices.