Mad Cow Disease, officially known as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), is a neurological disorder that affects cattle. It is caused by misfolded proteins called prions, which lead to brain damage and changes in behavior. Infected cows may exhibit symptoms such as lack of coordination, changes in temperament, and difficulty walking. Humans can contract a variant of this disease, known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), by consuming contaminated beef products. This has raised concerns about food safety and led to stricter regulations in the beef industry to prevent the spread of BSE.