The Hasmonean Dynasty was a ruling dynasty of Judea that emerged after the Maccabean Revolt against the Seleucid Empire in the 2nd century BCE. It marked a significant period of Jewish independence and cultural revival, establishing a kingdom that lasted for about a century. The dynasty is known for its efforts to expand the territory of Judea and promote Jewish religious practices. Key figures include Judas Maccabeus, who led the revolt, and John Hyrcanus, who expanded the kingdom. The Hasmoneans played a crucial role in shaping Jewish identity during the Second Temple period.