MPLS, or Multiprotocol Label Switching, is a data-carrying technique used in computer networks. It directs data from one node to another based on short path labels rather than long network addresses. This allows for faster and more efficient data transmission, making it ideal for high-performance networks. MPLS can work with various network protocols, hence the term "multiprotocol." It is commonly used by Internet Service Providers to manage traffic and ensure quality of service. By prioritizing certain types of data, MPLS helps maintain the performance of applications like VoIP and video conferencing.