Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a data-carrying technique used in computer networks to improve the speed and efficiency of data transmission. It works by assigning short labels to packets of data, allowing routers to make forwarding decisions based on these labels rather than examining the entire packet. This reduces the time needed for routing and enhances overall network performance. MPLS is versatile and can support various network protocols, including Internet Protocol (IP) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It is commonly used by service providers to create virtual private networks (VPNs) and manage traffic flows, ensuring reliable and efficient communication across diverse network environments.