The MC1R gene is responsible for producing a protein that helps determine skin and hair color. It plays a crucial role in the production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to our skin, hair, and eyes. Variations in the MC1R gene can lead to different shades of red hair, fair skin, and an increased sensitivity to sunlight. People with certain MC1R variants often have a higher risk of developing skin conditions, such as melanoma, due to lower levels of protective melanin. Understanding the MC1R gene can help researchers develop better strategies for skin cancer prevention and treatment.