Lumbar surgery refers to surgical procedures performed on the lower back, specifically targeting the lumbar spine. This type of surgery is often recommended for conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease. The goal is to relieve pain, improve mobility, and restore function. Common lumbar surgeries include laminectomy, where a portion of the vertebra is removed to relieve pressure on the spinal nerves, and spinal fusion, which involves joining two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine. These procedures are typically considered when conservative treatments, like physical therapy or medication, have not provided sufficient relief.