Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, was the King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. He is famous for his long reign, which lasted 72 years, making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in European history. Louis XIV centralized power in the monarchy and is known for his statement, "L'état, c'est moi" (I am the state), reflecting his belief in absolute monarchy. He transformed Versailles into a magnificent palace, which became a symbol of royal power and luxury. Under his rule, France experienced significant cultural and artistic achievements, including advancements in literature, music, and architecture. However, his reign also faced challenges, including costly wars and financial difficulties.