Ludwig III was the last king of Bavaria, reigning from 1913 until the end of World War I in 1918. He was born on January 7, 1845, and became king after the death of his cousin, Ludwig II. His reign was marked by political turmoil and the challenges of a changing Europe. During his rule, Bavaria faced significant social and economic issues, leading to widespread unrest. Following Germany's defeat in World War I, Ludwig III abdicated the throne on November 7, 1918, and went into exile. His departure marked the end of the Bavarian monarchy and the establishment of the Free State of Bavaria.