Lower Germany refers to the northern part of the historical region of Germany, primarily encompassing areas along the North Sea and Baltic Sea. It includes regions such as Friesland, Westphalia, and parts of Lower Saxony. This area is characterized by flat landscapes, rivers, and a maritime climate, influencing its agriculture and economy. Historically, Lower Germany was significant during the Holy Roman Empire and later became part of various political entities. The region has a rich cultural heritage, with influences from Dutch and Scandinavian cultures, evident in its language, traditions, and architecture.