Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, was the King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. He is famous for his long reign of 72 years, which is one of the longest in European history. Louis XIV centralized power in the monarchy and is known for his statement, "L'état, c'est moi" (I am the state), reflecting his belief in absolute monarchy. He transformed Versailles into a magnificent palace, which became a symbol of royal power and luxury. Under his rule, France experienced significant cultural and artistic achievements, including advancements in literature, music, and art, making it a leading power in Europe during the 17th century.