Literary themes are the central ideas or messages that a writer explores in a work of literature. These themes can encompass a wide range of topics, such as love, betrayal, identity, or freedom. They help readers understand the deeper meanings behind the characters' actions and the plot's progression, often reflecting universal human experiences. Themes can be expressed through various literary elements, including character development, setting, and symbolism. For example, a story about friendship may highlight the importance of loyalty and trust, while a tale of conflict might explore the consequences of war. Identifying these themes enhances the reader's appreciation of the work.