Leaf structures are essential parts of plants that help them perform photosynthesis, the process of converting sunlight into energy. A typical leaf consists of several layers, including the upper epidermis, which protects the leaf, and the mesophyll, where most photosynthesis occurs. The mesophyll contains chloroplasts, which are the organelles that capture sunlight. Additionally, leaves have veins made of vascular tissue, which transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. The stomata, small openings on the leaf's surface, allow for gas exchange, enabling the plant to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. These structures work together to support the plant's growth and survival.