Latvian medical history has roots in ancient practices, where herbal remedies and folk medicine were commonly used. The first recorded medical institutions appeared in the 13th century, with the establishment of hospitals and the introduction of formal medical education. In the 19th century, Latvia saw significant advancements in medicine, influenced by German and Russian practices. The establishment of the University of Latvia in 1919 further promoted medical research and education, leading to the development of modern healthcare systems in the country. Today, Latvia continues to build on its medical heritage while integrating contemporary practices.