The Late Geological Period refers to the final stages of the Earth's geological history, primarily encompassing the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. This period is characterized by significant changes in climate, sea levels, and the evolution of life forms. Notably, it includes the rise and fall of the dinosaurs, which dominated the planet during the Late Cretaceous period. During the Late Geological Period, mammals and birds began to diversify and adapt to various environments after the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs. This era also saw the formation of modern continents and the development of ecosystems that resemble those we see today. The Late Geological Period laid the groundwork for the current biodiversity on Earth.