L-functions are complex functions that arise in number theory and are closely related to the distribution of prime numbers. They generalize the Riemann zeta function, which is a fundamental object in mathematics that encodes information about prime numbers. L-functions can be associated with various mathematical objects, such as Dirichlet characters and modular forms, and they play a crucial role in understanding deep properties of numbers. One of the most significant aspects of L-functions is their connection to the Langlands program, a set of conjectures linking number theory and representation theory. This program aims to unify different areas of mathematics by establishing relationships between L-functions and other mathematical structures. The study of L-functions has led to many important results, including the famous Riemann Hypothesis, which conjectures that all non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on a specific line in the complex plane.